Current-induced crystallisation in a Heusler-alloy-based giant magnetoresistive junction for neuromorphic potentiation

Zhou, Z.*; Frost, W.*; Lloyd, D. C.*; 関 剛斎*; 窪田 崇秀*; Ramos, R.*; 齊藤 英治; 高梨 弘毅; 廣畑 貴文*

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 571, p.170575_1 - 170575_5, 2023/04

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170575

Recent development in neuromorphic computation allows us to achieve low power and highly efficient calculations better than the conventional von Neumann computation. In order to achieve realistic synaptic operation, potentiation to add weighting to strengthen a selected artificial synapse. Such functionality can be achieved by reducing the electrical resistance of the artificial synapse. Recently, a ferromagnetic Heusler alloy used in a magnetoresistive junction has been demonstrated to crystallise via the layer-by-layer mode by introducing an electrical current pulse. In this study, we have extended the current-induced crystallisation to a junction with epitaxially-grown Heusler alloy after post-annealing for crystallisation. By combining this potentiation functionality with the neuromorphic operation, realistic synaptic computation can be developed.

Polarized neutron scattering study of hollow FeO submicron spherical particles

小林 悟*; 野村 英志*; 千葉 桃子*; 河村 幸彦*; 大石 一城*; 廣井 孝介; 鈴木 淳市*

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 569, p.170410_1 - 170410_9, 2023/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170410

We report results of polarized small-angle and wide-angle neutron scattering experiments at = 10 and 300 K for 420 nm-sized hollow FeO spherical particles. Each hollow particle is a mesocrystal, which is composed of small nanoparticles with nearly the same crystallographic orientation. Polarized neutron experiments allow us to evaluate magnetic correlations of parallel and perpendicular magnetization components with respect to magnetic field during magnetization process. Small-angle neutron scattering reveals that as the magnetic field decreases from a saturation field of 10 kOe, the perpendicular magnetization component maximizes around zero applied field, whereas the parallel component minimizes. This behavior was observed below and above Verwey transition temperature of 120 K. Calculations of neutron intensities for vortex structures suggest the reorientation of the vortex core towards the magnetocrystalline anisotropy axis from the magnetic field direction at low applied fields. Moreover, a magnetic domain length obtained from the wide-angle scattering is of the order of 30-40 nm and comparable to the size of the small nanoparticles forming a hollow sphere, suggesting that magnetic correlations within the small nanoparticles always retain during magnetization process.

Interaction between surface acoustic waves and spin waves in a ferromagnetic thin film

山本 慧; Xu, M.*; Puebla, J.*; 大谷 義近*; 前川 禎通*

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 545, p.168672_1 - 168672_10, 2022/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168672

We present a theoretical description of magnon-phonon interactions in a multi-layer structure containing a ferromagnetic thin film. The formalism is applicable to an arbitrary direction of external magnetic field and various types of acoustic waves including Rayleigh and Love surface modes. A particular attention is paid to the spatial profile of the acoustic wave modes and analytical expressions for the effective coupling coefficients are derived taking into account the degree of mode profile overlap between spin waves and acoustic waves. The results are applied to reproduce a strongly anisotropic and non-reciprocal linewidth of acoustic ferromagnetic resonance reported in a recent experiment.

Fluctuation theorem for spin transport at insulating ferromagnetic junctions

佐藤 哲也*; 立野 雅大*; 松尾 衛; 加藤 岳生*

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 546, p.168814_1 - 168814_6, 2022/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168814

General relations for nonequilibrium spin transport at a magnetic junction between a normal metal and a ferromagnetic insulator are derived from the quantum fluctuation theorem. They include the extended Onsager relations between the spin conductance and the spin-current noise that hold for nonequilibrium states driven by an external current. These relations are valid for a general setup of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) when the main contribution is due to the interfacial spin conductance. Unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance (UMR) in insulating ferromagnetic junctions can be understood in a similar way. Therefore, our work can provide a comprehensive viewpoint for understanding of SMR and UMR in insulating ferromagnetic junctions. Our result also predicts relations for higher-order coefficients with respect to the external current in terms of higher-order cumulants in a unified framework.

Spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/CrO/YIG structure

Qi, J.*; Hou, D.*; Chen, Y.*; 齊藤 英治; Jin, X.*

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 534, p.167980_1 - 167980_6, 2021/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.167980

Temperature dependence of the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) has been investigated herein Pt/CrO/YFeO structure. Well below the Nel temperature of CrO, the SMR is not observed at the noise level of 1.2 ppm. In vicinity of the Nel temperature, only a positive SMR tracks the YIG magnetic switching process, supporting that the SMR of normal metal/antiferromagnetic insulator/ferromagnetic insulator trilayer is controlled by the Nel vector of the antiferromagnetic insulator. A high field magnetoresistance is observed up to an external magnetic field of 20000 Oe which has a field angle dependence symmetry consistent with the SMR. We attribute this high field magnetoresistance to be induced by the Hanle magnetoresistance in Pt.

Crystalline dependence of spin transmission in CrO thin films

Qin, J.*; Hou, D.*; Chen, Y.*; 齊藤 英治; Jin, X.*

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 501, p.166362_1 - 166362_4, 2020/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.166362

Spin transmission in CrO films of different crystalline textures is studied experimentally. With YFeO/CrO/Pt trilayer devices, a spin current is injected into CrO by spin pumping from YFeO, and the spin transmission is monitored by the inverse spin Hall voltage () in Pt. For (0001) plane textured CrO films, vanishes quickly below the Nel temperature. However, the shows a broad shoulder below the Nel temperature for and plane co-textured CrO. Such a difference in the temperature dependence of CrO can be understood by the different Nel vector orientations with respect to the injected spin moment direction.

Magnetic excitations and transport properties in frustrated ferromagnetic chain

大西 弘明

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 479, p.88 - 90, 2019/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.02.006

In a spin nematic state of a spin-1/2 frustrated ferromagnetic chain, low-energy excitations are governed by bound magnons, so that bound magnons carry spin current and thermal current. Regarding magnetic excitations, we find gapless longitudinal and gapped transverse spin excitation spectra, in accordance with quasi-long-range longitudinal and short-range transverse spin correlations, respectively, while we observe gapless quadrupole excitations, signaling quasi-long-range quadrupole correlations. In the present work, we investigate spin and thermal transport properties by exploiting numerical methods, such as exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group. We will discuss the effects of bound magnon propagation in spin and thermal transport, based on detailed analyses of current-current correlation functions in the spin nematic ground state, and temperature and field dependencies of the spin Drude weight and the thermal Drude weight.

Thickness dependence of transverse thermoelectric voltage in CoFe/YIG magnetic junctions

Wongjom, P.*; Ramos, R.*; Pinitsoontorn, S.*; 内田 健一*; 齊藤 英治

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 471, p.439 - 443, 2019/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.10.003

Measurements of transverse thermoelectric voltage were carried out in CoFe (CoFe)/Yttrium-Iron-Garnet (YIG) magnetic junctions, using the CoFe film as the spin detector. An unusual dependence of the voltage on the CoFe thickness was observed in the in-plane magnetized (IM) configuration; the junction with a relatively thick CoFe layer (40 nm) exhibits positive signals, whereas the junctions with a thinner CoFe layer (7-10 nm) exhibit negative signals. To find the origin of the behavior, we compare the voltage signals in the CoFe/YIG and CoFe/GGG systems in the IM configuration as well as perpendicularly magnetized (PM) configuration. Furthermore, the anomalous Hall effect was also measured in the Hall-bar shaped CoFe films. The experimental results suggest that the observed thickness dependence of the voltage is attributed to the combination of the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) and the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in the CoFe layers; the former shows a negative voltage and its contribution gradually increases with decreasing the CoFe thickness, whereas the latter shows a positive and mostly thickness independent voltage. The competition between the ISHE and ANE contributions results in the observed peculiar CoFe-thickness dependence of the transverse thermoelectric voltage.

Enhanced orbital magnetic moment in FeCo nanogranules observed by Barnett effect

緒方 裕大; 中堂 博之; Gu, B.; 小林 伸聖*; 小野 正雄; 針井 一哉; 松尾 衛; 齊藤 英治; 前川 禎通

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 442, p.329 - 331, 2017/11

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.06.101

The gyroscopic g factor, , of FeCo nanogranules embedded in a matrix of MgF (FeCo-MgF) was determined by measuring the magnetic-field generation from a rotating sample due to the Barnett effect. The value of the FeCo-MgF is estimated to be 1.76 0.11. The orbital contribution to the magnetic moment in the FeCo nanogranules was found to be quite large compared with that in bulk FeCo, being consistent with a density-functional-theory calculation that shows that the orbital magnetic moment may increase at the FeCo/MgF interfaces. The result suggests that the orbital magnetic moment is enhanced by symmetry breaking at the surface of the FeCo nanogranules.

The Study of the magnetization process of Fe film by magnetic Compton scattering and Mssbauer spectroscopy

安居院 あかね; 増田 亮*; 小林 康弘*; 加藤 忠*; 柄本 俊*; 鈴木 宏輔*; 櫻井 浩*

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 408, p.41 - 45, 2016/06

AA2015-0849.pdf:1.54MB

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.02.016

本研究では磁気コンプトン散乱およびメスバーワー分光を用いてFe薄膜の磁化過程を詳細に調べた。磁気コンプトン散乱からスピン磁気モーメントと軌道磁気モーメントの磁化曲線を算出した。メスバーワースペクトルからは磁化と外部磁場のなす角の印加磁場依存性を調べた。これにより磁化曲線の振る舞いは磁化と外部磁場のなす角の変化と大きなかかわりがあることが分かった。